Natural Mosquito Repellent: 7 Plants That Work

Natural Mosquito Repellent 7 Plants That Work

 

Did you know that traditional mosquito repellents can contain DEET, a chemical that studies have linked to potential respiratory issues, skin irritation, and environmental concerns? According to the Environmental Protection Agency, over 500 million people worldwide use chemical repellents annually, despite their potential drawbacks.

Looking for a natural way to keep mosquitoes at bay? These 7 plants are scientifically proven to repel mosquitoes, offering a safe and effective alternative to chemical sprays. Beyond being effective, these natural repellents are environmentally friendly, produce pleasant aromas, and can enhance your garden's beauty.

As a certified horticulturist specializing in botanical pest management for over a decade, I've researched and tested numerous plants for their mosquito-repelling properties. The recommendations below are based on both scientific studies from leading entomological research centers and my personal experience growing and utilizing these plants.

1. The 7 Natural Mosquito Repellent Powerhouses

1.1. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

Description

Lavender is a perennial herb with distinctive purple flowers and a sweet, floral scent that humans find pleasant but mosquitoes find repulsive.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Lavender contains two key compounds—linalool and linalyl acetate—that have demonstrated significant mosquito-repelling properties. Research published in the Journal of Vector Ecology showed that lavender oil provided 93% protection against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for up to two hours after application. The study confirmed that these compounds interfere with mosquitoes' odor receptors, effectively masking the scents that attract them to humans.

Evidence of Effectiveness

A field study conducted by the University of Florida found that gardens with substantial lavender plantings experienced 58% fewer mosquito landings compared to control areas without lavender. Participants reported noticeable differences when sitting near lavender plants during peak mosquito hours.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Well-draining, slightly alkaline soil
• Sunlight: Full sun (6+ hours daily)
• Water: Drought-tolerant once established; water sparingly
• Spacing: 18-24 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant around seating areas and entryways
• Dry sprigs to place in drawers and closets
• Make lavender sachets for personal protection
• Create lavender essential oil spray by combining 10-12 drops with 1/4 cup water in a spray bottle

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones 5-9

Potential Problems

May attract bees; can become woody and less productive after 3-5 years, requiring replacement.

1.2. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Description

Lemon balm is a perennial herb in the mint family with bright green, lemon-scented leaves that grow in bushy clumps up to 2 feet tall.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Lemon balm contains citronellal, geranial, and β-caryophyllene—compounds that research has shown to be highly effective mosquito deterrents. A study in the Parasitology Research journal demonstrated that lemon balm essential oil provided up to 74% protection against Anopheles mosquitoes. The citronellal compound specifically masks carbon dioxide emissions that mosquitoes use to locate hosts.

Evidence of Effectiveness

Researchers at Iowa State University discovered that crushed lemon balm leaves rubbed on the skin reduced mosquito landings by 67% compared to untreated skin during a 30-minute exposure period. The effect lasted approximately 30-60 minutes before reapplication was necessary.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Rich, well-draining soil with moderate moisture
• Sunlight: Partial to full sun
• Water: Regular watering, keeping soil consistently moist
• Spacing: 12-18 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant near windows and entryways
• Crush leaves and rub on skin for temporary protection
• Steep leaves in hot water, then cool and transfer to spray bottles
• Add to container gardens on patios and decks

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones 4-9

Potential Problems

Spreads vigorously and can become invasive if not contained; consider growing in pots.

1.3. Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon nardus)

Description

Citronella is a tall, aromatic grass that grows in clumping formations reaching 5-6 feet in height with blue-green foliage.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Citronella grass contains citronellol, geraniol, and limonene—compounds that have been scientifically validated as mosquito repellents. A peer-reviewed study in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association found that citronella oil provides 30-40% protection for up to 2 hours. These compounds mask scents that attract mosquitoes and disrupt their ability to locate human hosts.

Evidence of Effectiveness

The National Institute of Health conducted research showing that areas surrounded by citronella grass had approximately 35% fewer mosquitoes than control areas. Commercial citronella candles derive their effectiveness from this plant's essential oils.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Rich, well-draining soil
• Sunlight: Full sun
• Water: Moderate watering; tolerates some drought once established
• Spacing: 24-36 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant in large containers around outdoor living spaces
• Create a perimeter barrier around patios and pools
• Crush leaves and rub on skin (patch test first as it may cause irritation)
• Extract oils for homemade repellent sprays

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones 9-11; grow as an annual or container plant in colder regions

Potential Problems

Not cold-hardy; may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals; requires considerable space.

1.4. Marigolds (Tagetes spp.)

Description

Marigolds are annual flowers with distinctive bright orange, yellow, or red blooms and feathery, aromatic foliage.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Marigolds contain pyrethrum, a compound commonly used in commercial insect repellents. Research published in the Journal of Economic Entomology demonstrated that pyrethrum affects mosquitoes' nervous systems, deterring them from areas where marigolds grow. Studies show that pyrethrum compounds can reduce mosquito activity by up to 50% in proximate areas.

Evidence of Effectiveness

Agricultural research from Cornell University found that vegetable gardens bordered with marigolds experienced significantly fewer pest problems, including a 38% reduction in mosquito activity. The strong scent emitted by marigold roots also deters nematodes and other underground pests.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Average, well-draining soil
• Sunlight: Full sun
• Water: Regular watering, allowing soil to dry between waterings
• Spacing: 8-12 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant in containers near seating areas
• Create borders around vegetable gardens and patios
• Intersperse throughout garden beds near outdoor living spaces
• Dry flowers for long-term insect repellent sachets

Growing Zones

Annual in all USDA zones; self-seeds in zones 9-11

Potential Problems

Some people find the scent unpleasant; attracts slugs; requires deadheading for continuous blooming.

1.5. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Description

Rosemary is an evergreen perennial herb with needle-like leaves and a strong aromatic fragrance that grows in bushy formations up to 4 feet tall.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Rosemary contains camphor, cineole, and limonene—compounds that research has shown effectively repel mosquitoes. A study in the Journal of Insect Science found that rosemary oil provided approximately 52% protection against Aedes albopictus mosquitoes for up to 90 minutes. These compounds interfere with mosquitoes' olfactory receptors, making it difficult for them to detect human presence.

Evidence of Effectiveness

Research conducted by the American Chemical Society revealed that burning rosemary (as in a BBQ garnish or bundled smudge stick) reduced mosquito presence by up to 50% in outdoor settings. Gardeners have long reported fewer insect problems in vegetable patches bordered with rosemary.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Well-draining, slightly sandy soil
• Sunlight: Full sun
• Water: Drought-tolerant once established; avoid overwatering
• Spacing: 24-36 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant near grilling areas and outdoor kitchens
• Grow in containers on patios and decks
• Toss sprigs onto hot coals when grilling
• Make rosemary-infused oil for skin application

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones 7-10; grow as an annual or bring indoors in colder regions

Potential Problems

Can become woody with age; susceptible to root rot if overwatered; may attract beneficial pollinators.

1.6. Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Description

Basil is an annual herb with broad, tender leaves and a distinctive spicy-sweet aroma, growing in bushy formations up to 2 feet tall.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Basil contains citronellol, limonene, and eugenol—compounds that scientific studies have confirmed as effective mosquito repellents. Research published in Parasitology Research demonstrated that basil oil provided over 100% repellency against Anopheles mosquitoes for up to 2 hours. The eugenol compound specifically blocks receptors mosquitoes use to detect humans.

Evidence of Effectiveness

A field study by Rutgers University showed that gardens with substantial basil plantings had approximately 40% fewer mosquitoes than control gardens. Participants in the study reported noticeably fewer bites when spending time near basil plants.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Rich, moist, well-draining soil
• Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
• Water: Regular watering, keeping soil consistently moist
• Spacing: 12-18 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant in containers near seating areas and entryways
• Grow near windows and doors that are frequently opened
• Crush leaves to release oils for temporary protection
• Make basil-infused vinegar spray (1 cup basil leaves steeped in apple cider vinegar)

Growing Zones

Annual in all USDA zones

Potential Problems

Susceptible to downy mildew; requires regular harvesting to prevent flowering and maintain vigor; intolerant of cold temperatures.

1.7. Catnip (Nepeta cataria)

Description

Catnip is a perennial herb in the mint family with grayish-green leaves and small lavender flowers, growing in mounds up to 3 feet tall.

How it Repels Mosquitoes: The Science

Catnip contains nepetalactone, which research has shown to be an exceptionally potent mosquito repellent. A study published in Science Daily reported that catnip is approximately ten times more effective at repelling mosquitoes than DEET, the active ingredient in most commercial repellents. Iowa State University researchers found that nepetalactone specifically triggers a non-preference response in mosquito receptors.

Evidence of Effectiveness

Entomologists at the American Chemical Society demonstrated that a 1% solution of catnip oil reduced mosquito attraction by 80% in laboratory settings. Field tests showed similar effectiveness when plants were placed strategically around outdoor areas.

Planting and Care

• Soil: Average, well-draining soil
• Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
• Water: Moderate watering; tolerates drought once established
• Spacing: 18-24 inches apart

Best Uses

• Plant away from main gathering areas if you have cats
• Create a perimeter barrier around outdoor living spaces
• Crush leaves and rub on skin for temporary protection
• Dry leaves for homemade sachets and repellents

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones 3-9

Potential Problems

Attracts cats, who may damage plants; spreads aggressively and can become invasive if not contained; consider growing in pots.

2. Maximizing Effectiveness: How to Use These Plants for Best Results

2.1. Strategic Planting

To maximize mosquito protection, strategic placement of these plants is crucial:

• Create Perimeter Defenses: Plant mosquito-repelling species around the borders of patios, decks, and outdoor seating areas to form a natural barrier.
• Layer Your Defense: Combine tall plants (citronella grass, rosemary) with medium (lavender, catnip) and low-growing species (marigolds) to create a multi-level defense system.
• Target Entry Points: Place potted repellent plants near doors, windows, and other entry points to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.
• Focus on Evening Areas: Concentrate plantings in areas where you spend time during peak mosquito hours (dawn and dusk).

Plant Type	Distance Between Plants	Optimal Placement
Lavender	18-24 inches	Sunny borders, entryways
Lemon Balm	12-18 inches	Near windows, partial shade areas
Citronella	24-36 inches	Outer perimeter, full sun
Marigolds	8-12 inches	Scattered throughout garden beds
Rosemary	24-36 inches	Near grilling/dining areas
Basil	12-18 inches	Containers near seating areas
Catnip	18-24 inches	Peripheral areas (if you have cats)

2.2. Making Natural Mosquito Repellents

Transform these plants into effective repellents with these science-backed recipes:

All-Purpose Plant-Based Mosquito Repellent Spray

• 1 cup distilled water
• 1/4 cup witch hazel
• 15 drops lavender essential oil
• 10 drops lemon balm essential oil
• 10 drops rosemary essential oil
• Mix in a spray bottle, shake well before each use, and apply to exposed skin (avoid eyes and mouth)

Potent Catnip Repellent (DEET Alternative)

• 2 cups fresh catnip leaves
• 2 cups apple cider vinegar
• Steep leaves in vinegar for 2 weeks in a cool, dark place
• Strain and dilute with equal parts water
• Transfer to spray bottles for use on clothing, outdoor furniture, and around doorways

Citronella-Basil Candle Enhancer

• Add 5-10 fresh basil leaves and 1 tablespoon dried citronella grass
• Place around the base of outdoor candles
• The heat will release additional repellent compounds, enhancing effectiveness

2.3. Combining Plants with Other Natural Methods

For enhanced protection, combine plant-based strategies with these complementary approaches:

• Eliminate Standing Water: Remove potential breeding sites by emptying bird baths, planters, and other water-collecting containers regularly.
• Install Fans: Use outdoor fans near seating areas as mosquitoes are weak flyers and struggle against even gentle breezes.
• Time Your Activities: Limit outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours (dawn and dusk).
• Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose light-colored, loose-fitting garments that cover exposed skin.

3. Addressing Common Skepticism (FAQs)

Do natural mosquito repellents really work?

Scientific research confirms that plant-based repellents do work, though differently than chemical alternatives. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Vector Ecology and Parasitology Research demonstrate that plant-derived compounds effectively repel mosquitoes, with efficacy rates ranging from 30-90% depending on the plant species, concentration, and application method. The key difference is that natural repellents typically require more frequent reapplication (every 1-2 hours) compared to chemical alternatives.

How long do these plants last?

Most of the mosquito-repellent plants listed are perennials in appropriate growing zones, meaning they return year after year. Lavender, rosemary, and catnip typically live for 3-5 years before needing replacement. Citronella grass requires winter protection in zones below 9. Annuals like basil and marigolds need replanting each spring but often self-seed. The repellent effect is strongest during active growth periods and diminishes during dormancy or after the first frost.

Are these plants safe for pets and children?

While generally safer than chemical alternatives, some precautions are necessary. Catnip is safe but may cause excessive excitement in cats. Rosemary and lavender are non-toxic but can cause mild digestive upset if ingested in large quantities. Essential oils derived from these plants should never be applied directly to pets' skin or ingested. For children, avoid applying concentrated plant oils to the skin of children under two years old, and always perform a patch test before widespread application.

How do I know if these plants are actually repelling mosquitoes?

The most reliable indicator is reduced mosquito activity and fewer bites. You can conduct a simple test by setting up two similar outdoor areas—one surrounded by repellent plants and one without. Spend equal time in both spaces during peak mosquito hours and compare the number of mosquito landings and bites. Additionally, many of these plants emit stronger scents when their leaves are crushed or brushed against, so occasional gentle agitation of the foliage can enhance their effectiveness.

4. Conclusion

Natural mosquito repellent plants offer an effective, environmentally friendly alternative to chemical repellents. These seven scientifically-proven options—lavender, lemon balm, citronella grass, marigolds, rosemary, basil, and catnip—provide multiple benefits beyond just mosquito control, including culinary uses, pleasant fragrances, and garden beautification.

By strategically planting these species, creating homemade repellents, and combining them with complementary mosquito management techniques, you can significantly reduce mosquito populations in your outdoor spaces while avoiding the potential drawbacks of chemical alternatives.

Have you tried any of these natural mosquito repellents in your garden? Which ones worked best for your situation? Share your experiences in the comments below, and let us know if you have other natural mosquito management techniques that have proven effective!